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A major study of the role of women in the labour market of Industrial Revolution Britain. It is well known that men and women usually worked in different occupations, and that women earned lower wages than men. These differences are usually attributed to custom but Joyce Burnette here demonstrates instead that gender differences in occupations and wages were instead largely driven by market forces. Her findings reveal that rather than harming women competition actually helped them by eroding the power that male workers needed to restrict female employment and minimising the gender wage gap by sorting women into the least strength-intensive occupations. Where the strength requirements of an occupation made women less productive than men, occupational segregation maximised both economic efficiency and female incomes. She shows that women's wages were then market wages rather than customary and the gender wage gap resulted from actual differences in productivity.
Women employees --- Sex discrimination against women --- Industrial revolution --- History --- Female employees --- Women workers --- Working women --- Workingwomen --- Employees --- Discrimination against women --- Subordination of women --- Women, Discrimination against --- Feminism --- Sex discrimination --- Women's rights --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Arts and Humanities
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Informalidad: escape y exclusion' explora este heterogeneo sector desde una variedad de perspectivas que van desde la preocupacion por la proteccion de los trabajadores a la productividad de las empresas y a los determinantes de la evasion fiscal. El informe toma y arroja mas luz sobre el caracter exclusionista de buena parte de la informalidad, que deja a los ciudadanos fuera de las instituciones formales. La discusion se mueve desde el analisis puramente economico de los incentivos microeconomicos, a la reflexion sobre lo adecuado del 'contrato social' una expresion sumaria por la forma como los ciudadanos de la region se relacionan con el Estado y con sus conciudadanos. El analisis ofrece recomendaciones que se extienden a lo largo de muchas dimensiones de la agenda de politica.
Women's rights --- Women --- Sex discrimination against women --- Sex discrimination in justice administration --- Justice, Administration of --- Discrimination against women --- Subordination of women --- Women, Discrimination against --- Feminism --- Sex discrimination --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Social conditions. --- Economic conditions.
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This volume tracks countries' progress with implementing and financing the third Millennium Development Goal (MDG3) by examining national experiences and successes with policies and programs. It also contains an assessment the effectiveness of different strategies in achieving MDG3 and the financial requirement needed in order to attain MDG3 by 2015.
Women's rights. --- Sex discrimination against women. --- Equality. --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Discrimination against women --- Subordination of women --- Women, Discrimination against --- Rights of women --- Women --- Women's rights --- Civil rights --- Law and legislation --- Political science --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Feminism --- Sex discrimination --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Human rights --- Legal status, laws, etc.
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The plantation household was, first and foremost, a site of production. This fundamental fact has generally been overshadowed by popular and scholarly images of the plantation household as the source of slavery's redeeming qualities, where 'gentle' mistresses ministered to 'loyal' slaves. This book recounts a very different story. The very notion of a private sphere, as divorced from the immoral excesses of chattel slavery as from the amoral logic of market laws, functioned to conceal from public scrutiny the day-to-day struggles between enslaved women and their mistresses, subsumed within a logic of patriarchy. One of emancipation's unsung consequences was precisely the exposure to public view of the unbridgeable social distance between the women on whose labor the plantation household relied and the women who employed them. This is a story of race and gender, nation and citizenship, freedom and bondage in the nineteenth century South; a big abstract story that is composed of equally big personal stories.
Plantation life --- Women slaves --- African American women --- Plantation owners' spouses --- Women, White --- Social distance --- Households --- Patriarchy --- Androcracy --- Patriarchal families --- Fathers --- Families --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Patrilineal kinship --- Population --- Home economics --- Distance, Social --- Social interaction --- Social participation --- Social isolation --- White women --- Plantation owners' wives --- Spouses --- Afro-American women --- Women, African American --- Women, Negro --- Women --- Slave women --- Slaves --- History --- Social conditions --- Southern States --- Social life and customs --- Race relations --- Arts and Humanities --- Women, Enslaved --- Enslaved persons --- Enslaved women
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Under international human rights law, states are required to exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate, punish and provide redress for acts of violence against women. Accordingly, the due diligence standard presents a way to measure whether a state has fulfilled its obligations to prevent and respond to violence against women. Despite its growing popularity as a tool for promoting greater state accountability for violence against women by non-state actors, the content and scope of due diligence obligations remain vague. Against the backdrop of contemporary issues that pose threats to women’s rights, the contributors to this volume examine how the due diligence standard and other strategies can be applied as useful mechanisms to combat violence against women in various cultures worldwide.
Human rights. --- Human trafficking. --- Sex discrimination against women. --- Women --- Women's rights. --- Available to subscribing member institutions only. --- Derechos de la mujer. --- Derechos humanos. --- Discriminación sexual contra las mujeres. --- Mujeres --- Tráfico de personas. --- Violencia contra la mujer. --- Forced prostitution (Human trafficking) --- People trafficking --- Sex trafficking --- Traffic in persons --- Trafficking in human beings --- Trafficking in persons --- White slave traffic --- White slavery --- Sex crimes --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Discrimination against women --- Subordination of women --- Women, Discrimination against --- Feminism --- Sex discrimination --- Women's rights --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Crimes against women --- Femicide --- Women victims of crime --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Rights of women --- Crimes against. --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Violence against. --- Situación legal. --- Law and legislation --- Civil rights --- Women Violence against --- Violence against --- Women Legal status, laws, etc. --- White slave traffic (Human trafficking) --- White slavery (Human trafficking) --- Offenses against the person
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